Pharmacological effect - vitamin C deficiency replenishment, metabolic effect, regulation of redox processes, antioxidant effect.
ASCORBIC ACID is important for maintaining the health and normal growth of livestock and domestic animals. As a drug, it is prescribed to animals for preventive and therapeutic purposes in the following cases:
hypovitaminosis C;
metabolic disorders;
infectious diseases (in order to increase the body's resistance);
anemias;
diathesis;
heart diseases;
hepatitis and nephritis;
oedemata;
pleurisies;
to chickens, broilers, geese, ducks, turkeys, chicklings - at the rate of 50 mg per kg of feed;
to suckling pigs - 50 mg per kg of feed;
to foals - 100 - 150 mg per kg of feed;
to calves - 150 - 200 mg per kg of feed.
to horses, orally 1 - 6 mg, intravenously 1 - 3 mg;
to cows, orally 2.5 - 10 mg, intravenously 1.25 - 5 mg;
to sheep, goats, orally 6 - 20 mg;
to pigs, orally 2 - 8.5 mg;
to dogs, orally 2.5 - 8.5 mg, intravenously 1.6 - 4.1 mg;
to foxes and polar foxes, orally 6 - 12 mg;
to minks, orally 2.5 - 25 mg;
to chickens, orally 3 - 5 mg.
bone fractures;
delayed regenerative processes in wounds;
reduced activity of enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract;
poisoning by heavy metal compounds and barbiturates;
during pregnancy;
stresses;
during the period of high productivity of animals;
in the diet of young animals.
Vitamin remedy (vitamin C).
Sodium ascorbate - small crystals, freely soluble in water: 62 g/100 ml at 25 °C, 78 g/100 ml at 75 °C.
Vitamin remedy (vitamin C). Ascorbic acid - a white crystalline powder with a sour taste. Easily soluble in water (1: 3.5), slowly soluble in ethanol (1:30), absolute alcohol (1:50), glycerin (1:100), propylene glycol (1:20). Solubility in water: 80.0% at 100 °C; 40.0% at 45 °C. Practically insoluble in ether, benzene, chloroform, petroleum ether, oils, fats. Under the influence of air and light gradually darkens. In dry form, stable in the air; in water solutions, quickly oxidizes in the air. Molecular weight 176.13.
Sodium ascorbate - small crystals, freely soluble in water: 62 g/100 ml at 25 °C, 78 g/100 ml at 75 °C.
Pharmacological effect - vitamin C deficiency replenishment, metabolic effect, regulation of redox processes, antioxidant effect.
Has pronounced antioxidant properties. Regulates H+ transport in many biochemical reactions, improves the use of glucose in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, participates in the formation of tetrahydrofolic acid and the regeneration of tissue, the synthesis of steroid hormones, collagen, procollagen, carnitine, and serotonin hydroxylation. Supports colloidal state of intercellular substance and normal capillary permeability (inhibits hyaluronidase). Activates proteolytic enzymes, participates in the exchange of aromatic amino acids, pigments and cholesterol, promotes the accumulation of glycogen in the liver. Due to the activation of respiratory enzymes in the liver, enhances its detoxification and protein-forming functions, and increases the synthesis of prothrombin. Improves bile secretion, restores the external secretory function of the pancreas and the incretory function of the thyroid. Regulates immunological reactions (activates the synthesis of antibodies, the complement component C3, the interferon), promotes phagocytosis, and increases the body's resistance to infections. Has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect. Inhibits the release and accelerates the degradation of histamine, inhibits the formation of prostaglandins and other mediators of inflammation and anaphylaxis. Reduces the need for vitamins B1, B2, A, E, folic acid, pantothenic acid. Ascorbic acid deficiency leads to the development of hypovitaminosis, in severe cases - avitaminosis (scorbutus, scurvy).
Absorbed in the small intestine (duodenum, partially - in the ileum). With an increase in dose to 200 mg, absorbed up to 70%; with further increase in dose, absorption decreases (50–20%). Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract (ulcer, constipation, diarrhea), helminthic invasion, giardiasis, consumption of fresh fruit and vegetable juices, and alkaline drinks - reduce the utilization of ascorbate in the intestine. Cmax after oral administration is achieved in 4 hours. Plasma protein binding degree is low (about 25%). Easily penetrates into white blood cells, platelets, and then - into all tissues; the highest concentrations are found in glandular tissue. Deposited in the posterior pituitary lobe, adrenal cortex, ocular epithelium, interstitial cells of the seminal glands, ovaries, liver, brain, spleen, pancreas, lungs, kidneys, intestinal wall, heart, muscles, thyroid gland. Passes through the placenta. Metabolizes, mainly in the liver, to deoxy-ascorbic acid and then to oxalic acid and diketogulonic acid. Unchanged ascorbate and metabolites are eliminated in the urine, feces, sweat, breast milk. Excreted in hemodialysis.
At high doses, when the plasma concentration reaches more than 1.4 mg/DL, excretion increases sharply, and increased excretion may persist after discontinuation. Smoking and drinking ethyl alcohol accelerate the destruction (conversion to inactive metabolites), drastically reducing body reserves.
When used in the form of vaginal tablets, ascorbic acid decreases the pH of the vagina, inhibiting the growth of bacteria, and helps to restore and maintain normal pH and vaginal microflora (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gasseri). Thus, with a decrease in the pH of the vagina for several days, there is a pronounced suppression of the growth of anaerobic bacteria, as well as the restoration of normal flora.
For the prevention of diseases (added into the feed):
С лечебной целью (на 1 кг массы животного):
Almost all dogs and cats of private owners suffer from various pathologies caused by a lack of vitamin C. Ascorbic acid in carnivores is absorbed in the small intestine, so in case of duodenitis, nephritis or pneumonia, when the microbial symbiosis in the intestine changes, its amount decreases. The composition of food for dogs and cats, both generally accepted and professional, does not always satisfy the animal's need for a daily intake of the vitamin. The norm is 1 mg per 10 kg of body weight, while for pregnant and lactating animals the norm increases by 25%.
III. Ascorbic acid: Dosage